Te rongoā āraimate mō te te whakapokenga korokoro, te pakaua hukihuki, te mare tekekō, te whakamemeke, te mate ate kakā momo B, me te mate haemophilus influenzae momo b (Hib) Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, hep B, and Hib vaccine

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is a serious disease that can easily spread from person to person (especially within whānau) through coughing and sneezing.

It causes a skin infection but can also affect the throat causing breathing difficulties.

Diphtheria was a common cause of death in children until the 1940s. But this disease is now very rare in New Zealand because of immunisation.

Find out more information about diphtheria.

Diphtheria

Tetanus

This rare but serious disease is caused by bacteria found in soil and manure (horse or cow poo). You can get the disease if dirt carrying this bacteria gets into a wound — for example, if your tamariki gets a cut while playing in the garden.

Symptoms of tetanus disease include painful muscle spasms, difficulty breathing, chewing and swallowing. In the past, about 1 in 10 people who got tetanus would die from the disease.

Since we began immunising against tetanus in Aotearoa New Zealand, it has become a very rare disease. Almost all cases of tetanus have happened in unvaccinated people.

Tetanus

Whooping cough

Whooping cough (pertussis) causes breathing difficulties and severe coughing fits. The cough can go on for weeks or months which is why it’s sometimes called the ‘100 day cough’.

Having severe whooping cough can lead to pneumonia, seizures, and other neurological (brain) issues. More than half of babies under 12 months old who catch it need to go to hospital, and up to 1 in 50 of these babies die.

It is very contagious. It can easily spread between family members by coughing and sneezing. It can also spread quickly around early education centres and schools.

Whooping cough is not under control in Aotearoa New Zealand, and when outbreaks occur, it affects thousands of people.

Whooping cough

Polio

Polio is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus. Symptoms include headache, diarrhoea, tiredness, and pain in the limbs, back and neck.

In serious cases, it can cause paralysis (muscle weakness) and death. About 1 in 20 hospitalised patients die and up to 1 in 50 patients who survive are permanently paralysed.

In Aotearoa, immunisation against polio started in 1961. Before polio vaccines were available, nearly every person became infected; with babies and young children most affected.

There is no cure for polio — it can only be prevented by immunisation. 

Until polio is completely eliminated overseas, there is still a risk of polio being imported into Aotearoa New Zealand.

Polio

Hepatitis B (hep B)

Hep B can easily spread through contact with the blood or bodily fluids (like saliva) of an infected person. For example, it can spread through cuts and scratches, or by sharing a drink bottle with an infected person.

It is a viral infection that can cause serious problems, including liver disease and liver cancer. Hep B cannot be cured but can be prevented with vaccination.

Hep B was a common disease in Aotearoa New Zealand until a vaccine was introduced in the 1980s.

Hepatitis B

Haemophilus influenzae type b (hib)

Hib is a bacteria that causes life-threatening illnesses in young children. It spreads through the air by breathing, coughing and sneezing.

It most often leads to:

• meningitis — an infection of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
• epiglottitis — an infection and swelling in the throat that makes it difficult to breathe.

Although doctors can treat Hib with antibiotics, some children still die. Others risk permanent brain and spinal cord damage.

The disease has almost disappeared since the vaccine programme was introduced in the 1990s.

Haemophilus influenzae type b (hib)

Tamariki need 3 doses of this vaccine. It is given to children for free when they are 6 weeks, 3 months, and 5 months old.

Further boosters to prevent some of these diseases are also on the schedule.

• At 15 months: a Hib booster
• At 4 years old: a diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough and polio booster
• At 11 years old: a tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough booster.

Find out how to book an immunisation appointment or how to catch up on missed ones.

• Booking an immunisation appointment
• Catching up on missed immunisations

The vaccine we use in New Zealand is INFANRIX-HEXA.

It is given as an injection, normally into a muscle in your thigh.

INFANRIX-HEXA information — Medsafe (PDF 137KB) (external link)↗